Diabetes Mellitus:- Part 9 – Glucose Random (Diabetes mellitus)

Sample
- This is done on the serum of patients or oxalate blood.
Random glucose level depends upon
- When and how much you ate at your last meal.
- This is the rough estimate of glucose level.
Pathophysiology
- Carbohydrate metabolism is explained in the following diagrams.
- The summary of the Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and the interaction of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is given.
- Random blood glucose is without any relation to time or food.
- This is done out of your normal routine testing.
- This is always a nonfasting sample.
- Interpretation:
- The random blood glucose if it is above 200 mg/dL and the patient has increased thirst, polyuria, and polyphagia, suggests diabetes mellitus.
- As a rule, two-hour glucose samples will reach the fasting level or it will be in the normal range.
Normal
- Random blood sample:
- Before the meal is 80 to 120 mg/dl (4.4 to 6.6 mmol/L).
- After the meal and if theĀ person is awake then 100 to 140 mg/dl ( 5.5 to 7.7 mmol/L ).
- At bedtime also maybe 100 to 140 mg/dl ( 5.5 to 7.7 mmol/L).
- Normal Random glucose level between 80 to 140 mg/dL (4.4 to 7.8 mmol/L).
- Reliability of random blood glucose: If it is above 200 mg/dL, then it indicates diabetes.
Interpretation of the fasting and random glucose level:
Fasting glucose level | Normal range and need advise |
80 to 120 mg/dL | Normal range and no need for any action |
120 to 160 mg/dL | Slightly high and needs medical advise |
160 to 240 mg/dL | It is high and needs medical advice and treatment |
240 to 300 mg/dL | Too high and needs medical advice and treatment |
Random glucose level | |
80 to 14 mg/dL | Normal and no need for any action |
140 to 200 mg/dL | It is high and needs medical advice |
The glucose level in prediabetic and diabetes mellitus:
Diagnosis | Fasting glucose level | Random glucose level | 2-hour glucose level (in OGTT) | HbA1cĀ |
Prediabetics | 100 to 125 mg/dL | 140 to 199 mg/dL | 40 to 199 mg/dL | 5.7 to 6.4% |
Diabetes mellitus | > 126 mg/dL | >200 mg/dL | >200 mg/dL | >6.5% |
Please see the details in the Fasting glucose level.